Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Privacy J Neuroradiol 36(4):206–211, Abdel Razek A, Mossad A, Ghonim M (2011) Role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing malignant versus benign skull-base lesions. I read Open Access journals to keep abreast of the recent development in my field of study. & Pullen, A. D. Location and orientation of eruptive fissures and feeder dykes at Mount Etna; influence of gravitational and regional tectonic stress regimes. The main eruptive vents are located in the summit area, above about 2900 m a.s.l., but hundreds of monogenetic scoria cones that have formed during flank eruptions are scattered all around the flanks of the volcanic edifice. 5, 81–87 (1994). Directed by Brad Anderson. Fractures of the mandible. Risk factors for surgical site infection following operative ankle fracture fixation. Sepahdari AR, Politi LS, Aakalu VK, Kim HJ, Abdel Razek AAK (2014) Diffusion-weighted imaging of orbital masses: multi-institutional data support a 2-ADC threshold model to categorize lesions as benign, malignant, or indeterminate. Eur J Radiol 48(1):17–32, Hopper RA, Salemy S, Sze RW (2006) Diagnosis of midface fractures with CT: what the surgeon needs to know. The lateral malleolus may be fixed by elevating the peroneal tendons laterally or medially through the same skin incision [41]. Bois AJ, Dust W. Posterior fracture dislocation of the ankle: Technique and clinical experience using a posteromedial surgical approach. Impact of trimalleolar ankle fractures: How do patients fare post-operatively? The most common cause of ankle joint arthritis is posttraumatic with estimated incidence to be in the region of 70%; rotational injuries being the commonest cause. A number of different surgical approaches and techniques for internal fixation of posterior malleolar fractures have been reported. Level 3 reports even greater detail about the location of the injury, focusing on morphology (fragmentation, displacement, and bone defects) within specific subregions [35]. CAS Etna (Italy) volcano inflation.
The indications for fixation of the posterior malleolus remain controversial except for the fragment sizes. As a principle, the majority of AO type B injuries in other areas are treated with buttress plating rather than screw fixation from the opposite side. Fractures through the mandibular canal (Fig. SIAM Rev. Clin Imaging 37(4):728–733, Brasileiro BF, Passeri LA (2006) Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Brazil: a 5-year prospective study. 251, 75–89 (2013). Giorgio De Guidi. These fractures should preferably be treated within the first day [22]. ", "Open Access journals offer an innovative and efficient way of publication for academics and professionals in a wide range of disciplines. As limitations of the technique, the patient must be upright for most units and contrast is not used, so it is not useful in patients with polytrauma [25]. In conclusion, the posterior malleolus fracture is a common injury with potentially significant morbidity associated with it. Abdelgawad AA, Kadous A, Kanlic E. Posterolateral approach for treatment of posterior malleolus fracture of the ankle. Dental complications. Puglisi, G. et al. All the selected fractures discussed here have dimension greater than 100 metres. Their approach centered anterior to the sural nerve and parallel to its path decreasing the risk for injury [27]. Sci. Foot Ankle Int 2013; 34(2): 189-99. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Fractures which occurred after the diagnosis of AN were limited to the distal upper and lower extremities. e Three-dimensional CT images of the upper left facial region of the left ZMC fracture. Emerg Radiol 25(5):533–545. spreading-related) forces and, in particular, through magma-chamber expansion and inflation during unrest periods1. It is important to keep in mind that various patterns often coexist in the same patient (Table 2). e Coronal CT image of the same patient shows a fracture of the inferior aspect of the maxillary sinus walls (thin arrows), a type I Le Fort fracture, and a fracture of the inferomedial orbital walls, a Le Fort type II fracture (thick arrows). Technique tip: Revisit to a surgical approach to allow direct fixation of fractures of the posterior and medial malleolus. Available from: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/1455746967, Bansagi ZC, Meyer DR (2000) Internal orbital fractures in the pediatric age group: characterization and management.
If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Sci. Open access journals are very helpful for students, researchers and the general public including people from institutions which do not have library or cannot afford to subscribe scientific journals. When the frontal recess (Fig. Branca, S., & Del Carlo, P. Eruptions of Mt Etna during the past 3.200 years: a revised compilation integrating the Historical and stratigraphic records. The azimuth direction of each measured fracture is taken from the tip located at the higher altitude (upslope) to the one at a lower altitude (downslope). An extensile posteromedial approach with dislocation of the talus laterally and complete release of soft-tissue attachments to the posterior malleolus has also been described. McKean J, Cuellar DO, Hak D, Mauffrey C. Osteoporotic ankle fractures: an approach to operative management. ", "The widest possible diffusion of information is critical for the advancement of science.
PubMed Google Scholar. Gómez Roselló, E., Quiles Granado, A.M., Artajona Garcia, M. et al. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy): clues indicate active crustal doming.