[13], Iraqi Kurdistan first gained autonomous status in a 1970 agreement with the Iraqi government, and its status was re-confirmed as the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government within the federal Iraqi republic in 2005. It was nominally under indirect political or religious influence of Khalifs or Shahs. At the San Francisco Peace Conference of 1945, the Kurdish delegation proposed consideration of territory claimed by the Kurds, which encompassed an area extending from the Mediterranean shores near Adana to the shores of the Persian Gulf near Bushehr, and included the Lur inhabited areas of southern Zagros. stân) is Persian for land. Among rivers of historical importance to Kurds are the Murat (Arasān) and Buhtān rivers in Turkey; the Peshkhābur, the Little Zab, the Great Zab, and the Diyala in Iraq; and the Jaghatu (Zarrinarud), the Tātā'u (Siminarud), the Zohāb (Zahāb), and the Gāmāsiyāb in Iran. [84] Included in the region are Mount Judi and Ararat (both prominent in Kurdish folklore), Zagros, Qandil, Shingal, Mount Abdulaziz, Kurd Mountains, Jabal al-Akrad, Shaho, Gabar, Hamrin, and Nisir. Kurds in France refers to people born in or residing in France of full or partial Kurdish origin. the fourth is Jeezera ul Omar, a city on an island in the Tigris, and corresponding to the ancient Bezabde. Some historians have correlated a connection between Corduene with the modern names of Kurds and Kurdistan;[19][22][23] T. A. Sinclair dismissed this identification as false,[24] while a common association is asserted in the Columbia Encyclopedia. the fifth and largest is Kara Djiolan, with a capital of the same name. [8] Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges. This makes the Kurdish community in France the second largest Kurdish community in the Kurdish diaspora, after Kurds in Germany. He described a battle near Amid and Siverek in 1062 as to have taken place in Kurdistan. Extraction of these reserves began in 2007. Having established self-governing regions in an Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, they call for autonomy in a federal Syria after the war. The earliest medieval attestation of the toponym Kurdistan is found in a 12th-century Armenian historical text by Matteos Urhayeci. It means that political stability and peace in the region are important to the water supply of the region and preventing wars. All were forcefully put down by the authorities. [78] There are another 9 to 12 million Turkish citizens of Kurdish descent in predominantly Turkish regions of Turkey as the majority of Turkish Kurds no longer live in Southeastern Anatolia. Large part of water to the neighbor countries come from it. [9] Historically, the word "Kurdistan" is first attested in 11th century Seljuk chronicles. [94], In July 2012, Turkey and the Kurdistan Regional Government signed an agreement by which Turkey will supply the KRG with refined petroleum products in exchange for crude oil. These rivers, which flow from heights of three to four thousand meters above sea level, are significant both as water sources and for the production of energy. In the 16th century, after prolonged wars, Kurdish-inhabited areas were split between the Safavid and Ottoman empires. Contemporary use of the term refers to the following four areas: southeast 21, 1988–1989, p. 281, by Société des études armeniennes, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Published by Imprimerie nationale, P. Geuthner, 1989. [55] Following the military coup of 1980, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. The region was declared a closed military area from which foreigners were banned between 1925 and 1965. [91], As of July 2007, the Kurdish government solicited foreign companies to invest in 40 new oil sites, with the hope of increasing regional oil production over the following five years by a factor of five, to about 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m3/d). in Iran, 65,000 km² (25,000 sq. mi.) [60] Many villages were set on fire. [34][35] The second record occurs in the prayer from the colophon of an Armenian manuscript of the Gospels, written in 1200. [68][69][70] As of 2015, Turkey is actively supporting the Al-Nusra,[71] but as of January 2017, Turkey's foreign ministry has said that Al-Nusra is a terrorist group and has acted accordingly. [76] According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Kurdistan covers around 190,000 km² (73,000 sq. In the former is the province of Ardelan, the ancient Arropachatis, now nominally a part of Irak Ajami, and belonging to the north west division called Al Jobal. Kurdistan or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural historical region wherein the Kurdish people form a majority of the population and Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. [16][17] One of the ancient names of Kurdistan is Corduene.[18][19]. Kurds (Kurdish: کورد ,Kurd) or Kurdish people are an Iranic ethnic group native to a mountainous region of Western Asia known as Kurdistan, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria. The word "Kurdistan" is first attested in 11th century Seljuk chronicles. In November 2011, Exxon challenged the Iraqi central government's authority with the signing of oil and gas contracts for exploration rights to six parcels of land in Kurdistan, including one contract in the disputed territories, just east of the Kirkuk mega-field. In France, Kurdish immigrant workers from Turkey first arrived in the second half of the 1960s. A major division of Kurdistan occurred in the aftermath of the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, and was formalized in the 1639 Treaty of Zuhab. The pashalics of Kirkook and Solimania also comprise part of Upper Curdistan. [20] The original Mannaean homeland was situated east and south of the Lake Urmia, roughly centered around modern-day Mahabad. [49][50][51], In an attempt to deny their existence, the Turkish government categorized Kurds as "Mountain Turks" until 1991;[52][53][54] The words "Kurds", "Kurdistan", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Various groups, among them the Guti, Hurrians, Mannai (Mannaeans), and Armenians, lived in this region in antiquity.