[8] Most Armenian castles made atypical usage of rocky heights, and featured curved walls and round towers, similar to those of the Hospitaller castles Krak des Chevaliers and Marqab. Please re-enter recipient e-mail address(es). The three primary harbours of the Armenian Kingdom, which were vital to its economy and defense, were the fortified coastal sites at Ayas and Koŕikos, and the river emporium of Mopsuestia. [16] He was joined by many other Armenian lords and nobles. The Armenians in Cilicia gained powerful allies among the Frankish Crusaders, whose leader, Godfrey de Bouillon, was considered a savior for the Armenians. Despite his sometimes-burdensome military commitments to the Mongols, Het’um had the financial resources and political autonomy to build new and impressive fortifications, such as the castle at Tamrut. Levon IV formed an alliance with the Kingdom of Cyprus, then ruled by the Frankish Lusignan dynasty, but could not resist attacks from the Mamluks. We ourselves [the Armenians] have indeed the authority to bring you [the Catholic Church] to trial, following the example of the Apostles, and you have no right to deny our competency. [30] The bulk of the Mongol army was then obligated to retreat. [22] The Rubenids consolidated their power by controlling strategic roads with fortifications that extended from the Taurus Mountains into the plain and along the borders, including the baronial and royal castles at Sis, Anavarza, Vahka, Vaner/Kovara, Sarvandikar, Kuklak, T‛il Hamtun, Hadjin, and Gaban (modern Geben).[3]. Le royaume armenien de Cilicie book. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. Claude Mutafian ; avec la collaboration de Catherine Otten, Lilith Zakarian, Krikor Chahinian, et le concours exceptionnel de S.S. Karékine 2., catholicos de la grande maison de Cilicie ; préface de Levon Ter-Petrossian. Image provided by: CDC/ Alissa Eckert, MS; Dan Higgins, MAM. Demographically, Cilician Armenia was heterogeneous with a population of Armenians who constituted the ruling class, and also Greeks, Jews, Muslims, and various Europeans. Le royaume arménien de Cilicie ou royaume de Petite-Arménie (en arménien Կիլիկիոյ Հայկական Թագաւորութիւն transcrit Kilikio Haykakan Tagavoroutioun, à ne pas confondre avec le royaume d'Arménie de l'Antiquité) est un État fondé en Cilicie, au sud-est de l'Anatolie, par des réfugiés arméniens fuyant l'invasion seldjoukide de l'Arménie1. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. [33], The Het'umids continued ruling an unstable Cilicia until the assassination of Levon IV in 1341, at the hands of an angry mob. In 1292, it was invaded by Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, who had conquered the remnants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Acre the year before. [7], The Catholicosate of the Armenian Apostolic Church followed its people in taking refuge outside the Armenian highlands, which had turned into a battleground of Byzantine and Seljuk contenders. Turkic tribes settled there, leading to the conquest of Cilicia led by Timur. The structure of Cilician society became more synonymous with Western feudalism than to the traditional nakharar system of Armenia. 0 with reviews - Be the first. In 83 BC, the Greek aristocracy of Seleucid Syria, weakened by a bloody civil war, offered their allegiance to the ambitious Armenian king. He sent his brother Smbat to the Mongol court of Karakorum in 1247 to negotiate an alliance. [35] Oshin was crowned new king of Cilician Armenia upon his return to Tarsus. [8] Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East-West trade. Constantine saw the Crusaders' arrival as a one-time opportunity to consolidate his rule of Cilicia by eliminating the remaining Byzantine strongholds in the region. [10] In order to better protect their eastern territories after their reconquest, the Byzantines resorted largely to a policy of mass transfer and relocation of native populations within the Empire's borders. Your Web browser is not enabled for JavaScript. [17] The Armenians also helped the Crusaders; as described by Pope Gregory XIII in his Ecclesia Romana: Among the good deeds which the Armenian people has done towards the church and the Christian world, it should especially be stressed that, in those times when the Christian princes and the warriors went to retake the Holy Land, no people or nation, with the same enthusiasm, joy and faith came to their aid as the Armenians did, who supplied the Crusaders with horses, provision and guidance.