"Citizen Kılıçdaroğlu: Turkish opposition chief in his own words", "Überall ist Taksim: Zehntausende demonstrieren in Köln gegen Erdogan" (in German), NYTimes.com. Dervish founders of "tariqat" (Sufi orders) were revered as Saints (Wali) and called dede, baba, pir, or shaykh, and their tombs were serving as pilgrimage centres. The result was the founding of the Safavid Dynasty, and the conversion of Iran to Shiism. In 1977, 231 people were killed in political violence and 2,800 in 1980. Il s'agit de l'un des massacres les plus sanglants dans l'histoire de la République turque.Il fait partie des motifs cités comme ayant conduit au coup d'État militaire du 12 septembre 1980.. Under Ismā`il (d. 1524) they became dominant in Eastern Anatolia and conquered Azerbaijan with its capital Tabriz, where Ismā`il named himself Shah in 1501 and went on to conquer all of Iran. [12] Though the tensions were initially ignited by the bombing by right-wing militants of a cinema frequently visited by ultra-nationalists, the incident is best remembered for the subsequent campaign of violence directed against left-wingers, largely Alevis, although some left-wing Sunnis and Kurds were also targeted. Nationalist Sunni Muslims targeted the Alevi Turkish minority and killed more than half a hundred of them. [2], When Sunni fundamentalism appeared in the 1970s, many Alevis reacted by reinterpreting Alevism in socialist and Marxist idiom that seemed to have an affinity to Alevi ideals. [2], The return of many Turks to their religious roots and the politicization of their communal identities were a crisis response to modernity and the accelerated rate of change it forced on Turkish society. I do not know if reference to Alevis in Turkey is in distinction of Alawis of Syria. They harp on Dersim just to use it as political leverage against the CHP. A law enacted by the founding government of Turkey, the Republican People’s Party (CHP), in 1925—which is still in effect in Turkey today—banned the religious centers of Alevis, including their houses of prayer, otherwise known as cem houses. They saw all "reactionary" elements which tried to assimilate them into mainstream Sunni life as enemies, and joined extreme leftist parties, reinterpreting historical opposition to Sunnism in terms of class struggle and continuing the traditional Alevi role of opposition to the state. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) Many business owners had to sell their businesses with prices much lower than their actual value. The Turkish nationalists used the assassination of the mayor of the city of Malatya as an excuse to provoke the Muslim residents of the city against Alevis. We do have a number of differences from mainstream Islam, to be fair. [2], Later, the Bektashiyyah became the order of the Janissary special troops, tolerated by the Ottomans as its monasteries and pilgrimage centres could be manipulated to control its Alevi followers.[2]. It’s difficult to say whether there are more Alevi Kurds or Turks, intermarriage among Turks and Kurds in Turkey is not uncommon. The more interesting issue is what Alevis hold in higher regard, their Turkish or Kurdish ethnicity or their religion. A new generation grew up in the 1960s that had not passed through initiation and was not familiar with the Alevi "Way" (yol). [2], Much of the violence during the late 70s although presented by state and media as left versus right was in fact Sunni versus Alevi. You can’t buy a revolution, but you can help the only daily paper in More than 200 were injured. He told me of a husband and wife who live in London who are unable to speak about what happened to them 40 years ago. The atrocities that took place in the Turkish city of Maras between December 19 and 26 1978 have left deep scars for the Alevi community, and with nobody held accountable, the quest for justice continues today.