[9], Other countries with electoral college systems include Burundi, Estonia,[10] Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Myanmar, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago[11] and Vanuatu. In the Pope's case, the system of people and clergy was eventually replaced by a college of the important clergy of Rome, which eventually became known as the College of Cardinals. Thus, Pelagius needed to be elected by his Visigothic nobles before becoming king of Asturias, and so did Pepin the Short by Frankish nobles in order to become the first Carolingian king. L'élection présidentielle française de 1958, visant à élire le président de la République française et de la Communauté, est la première élection présidentielle qui intervient en France après l'adoption de la Constitution instituant la Cinquième République. [citation needed]. Albert Châtelet, quant à lui, est présenté comme « le doyen », figure certes respectable mais surannée, universitaire égaré en politique[5]. Avec moins de 2 % des suffrages, l’UFD n’obtient aucun siège[5]. During Brazil's military rule period, the president was elected by an electoral college comprising senators, deputies, state deputies, and lawmakers in the cities. Le scrutin n’ayant fait l’objet d’aucun recours, le Conseil constitutionnel proclame l’élection de Charles de Gaulle à la fonction de « président de la République, président de la Communauté » le 8 janvier 1959. For electors, the requirements were usually higher than for the original voters. Each state has a number of electors equal to its Congressional representation (in both houses), with the non-state District of Columbia receiving the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. [3] However, there are several states where this is not required by law. À ce titre, le PCF, premier parti de France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, inquiète l’opinion publique rejetant le bloc de l'Est et apparaît en perte de vitesse alors qu’il apporte un soutien systématique à l’URSS[5]. Prior to 1913, U.S. state legislatures appointed U.S. senators from their respective states, and prior to 1872, U.S. presidential electors were in many cases chosen by state legislatures (though most states had switched to popular elections for electors by 1824). [4], State laws requiring electors to vote as directed are the subject of ongoing legal controversy. In France, the president was elected by the legislature from 1875 to 1954. First round result, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Gaston Alexandre Auguste, Marquis de Galliffet, National Centre of Independents and Peasants, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_indirect_presidential_elections_in_France&oldid=979400468#1958_election, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Table of results ordered by number of votes received in first round. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Within China, both Macau[12] and Hong Kong each have an Election Committee which functions as an electoral college for selecting the Chief Executive and formerly (in the case of Hong Kong) for selecting some of the seats of the Legislative Council. The electoral college was replaced by direct elections (consisting of two-round voting) since 1994. After the Revolución Libertadora the 1957 reform repealed the 1949 Constitution and the electoral college was used again in the elections of 1958 and 1963. Paraguay had an electoral college that was established by the 1870 Constitution, which was used to elect its president. Cette candidature, déposée juste avant la clôture, à l’initiative de Daniel Mayer, est soutenue par l’UFD, qui indique « s'éleve[r] contre la dangereuse simplification qui tend à présenter la politique française comme un combat entre deux blocs »[6],[7],[8]. Chile had an electoral college established by the 1828 Constitution, which was used to elect its president in the elections from 1829 to 1920. The constitution was amended in 1994 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote, using a two-round system since 1995. Le Parti radical et la Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) entrent au gouvernement, le dirigeant socialiste Guy Mollet étant notamment ministre d’État, mais des oppositions au soutien à de Gaulle au sein de ces formations conduisent rapidement à des scissions.